《中国基督教研究》2024年第22期

中国基督教研究
Journal of Research for Christianity in China

ISSN：2325-9914

JRCC.ChineseCS.cn

JRCC.ChineseCS.cc

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《中国基督教研究》（半年刊）由美国洛杉矶基督教与中国研究中心，与中国上海大学宗教与中国社会研究中心联合编辑出版，创刊于2013年，国际刊号为2325-9914。投稿或任何意见，请发送至电子邮箱：ChristianStudies@163.com。

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Journal of Research for Christianity in China (Semi-Annual, ISSN: 2325-9914) is published jointly by the Center of Chrisitanity and China in Los Angeles, USA and the Center for the Study of Religion and Chinese Society, Shanghai University, China. This journal was founded in 2013. Submissions or any comments should be sent to this email address: ChrisianStudies@163.com. More information, please visit this website: ChineseCS.cc.

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编辑委员会 EDITORIAL BOARD

顾问 Editorial Advisor:

李 灵(美国洛杉矶基督教与中国研究中心)
Daniel L. LI (Christianity and China Research Center, Los Angeles)

主编 Editor in Chief：

肖清和（北京大学）
Qinghe XIAO (Peking Unviersity)

副主编 Associate Editor-in-Chief：

俞 强（上海大学）
Qiang YU (Shanghai University)
彭 睿（南昌大学）
Rui PENG (Nanchang University)
刘 平（复旦大学）
Ping LIU (Fudan University)

编辑委员会 Editors Committee:

郭建斌（西南民族大学）
Jianbin GUO (Southwest Minzu University)
宋怀思（湖北民族大学）
Huaisi SONG (Hubei Minzu Universtiy)
谢伊霖（暨南大学）
Yilin XIE (Jinan University)
奚 望（北京大学）
Wang XI (Peking University)
聂 利（中南民族大学）
Li NIE (South-central Minzu University)
王学晟（台湾中原大学）
Nathanael WANG (Chung Yuan Christian University)
孙良慧（美国圣母大学）
Vicky Lianghui SUN (University of Notre Dame)
贺 腾（复旦大学）
Teng HE (Fudan University)
冯成伟（美国富勒神学院））
Jacob Chengwei FENG（Fuller Theological Seminary)
徐颂赞（剑桥大学）
Songzan XU (University of Cambridge)

助理编辑 Assistant Editor：

徐瑞佑（上海大学）
Ruiyou XU (Shanghai University)

Journal of Research for Christianity in China (Semi-Annual, ISSN: 2325-9914)
No. 22, June 2024

《中国基督教研究》半年刊·ISSN：2325-9914

2024年6月·第二十二期

本期执行主编：王学晟（台湾中原大学）

目录

中英文摘要及单篇文章下载

编者的话

From the Editor

王学晟（台湾中原大学）

Nathanael Xuesheng WANG (Chung Yuan Christian University)

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天主教传华日常经文的形成——以“圣号经”、“天主经”、“圣母经”为例

古伟瀛https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6188-4791

台湾大学历史学系

摘要：近代东西文化交流中，宗教是重要的部分，而宗教的交流又以经文的翻译为初期重要的工作。本文就天主教在明末传华时最早译成的三种信众日常使用的经文：“圣号经”、“天主经”及“圣母经”作为分析的对象，这些经文的翻译 有两个来源，一是由入华耶稣会士罗明坚以及后来的利玛窦等先后译出；罗明坚使用白话文，利氏使用文言文；另一是 由在菲律宾马尼拉的道明会西班牙传教士高母羡等人为当地华侨翻译而成的，高氏使用的语言是闽南方言。从这三种经文的译文分析中，可以见到东西宗教思想的差异、耶稣会及道明会传教策略的不同，地域的因素造成译文的特色以及这些经文最终的定型以及影响。

关键词：耶稣会、道明会、圣号经、天主经、圣母经、闽南方言

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0001

The Shaping of the Daily Sutras of Chinese Catholic Church

—Taking the Sign of Cross, Pater Noster and Hail Mary as examples

Wei-ying KU  https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6188-4791

Department of History, Taiwan University

Abstract: Religion was an important part of Sino-Western cultural exchange in modern times. For the spread of Western Christianity, the translation of the sutras was very important during the early stage of cultural exchange. This article tries to analyze the three most important Catholic daily sutras which were translated by Western missionaries, namely The Sign of Cross, Pater Noster and Hail Mary. There were two channels through them the Catholic Daily Sutras were translated into Chinese. The first channel was through the early Jesuits in China, M. Ruggieri, and later Matteo Ricci. Ruggieri used vernacular Chinese, whereas Ricci tried Classical Chinese. The other was done by the Spanish Dominican Juan Cobo in Manila for the evangelization of the overseas Chinese. The language Cobo used was Minnan dialect. It is hoped that through the analysis of these translations, we can see the different missionary strategies of these two orders, the difference in translation influenced by regional culture, and the shaping and finalization of the Daily Sutras.

Keywords: The Jesuits, the Dominicans, the Sign of Cross, Pater Noster, Hail Mary, Minnan Dialect

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0001

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《希腊文亚当与夏娃生平》的思想世界及其社会处境

李丞欣  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1487-7905

湖南科技大学人文学院

摘要：《希腊文亚当与夏娃生平》是在早期基督徒中间流传甚广的典外叙事文本，对后世宗教文学有深远影响。本文尝试在互文性和社会现实建构的双重理论视角下分析《希腊文亚当与夏娃生平》的文本和思想世界，指出此乃以罗马帝国时期下层贫苦农民普遍的日常生活经验为基础、以《创世纪》2–3章故事为蓝本重新构建的全新叙事。下层民众生活中的物质匮乏、繁重劳动带来的痛苦、对生存和社会身份低下的焦虑，以及对受压迫处境的愤懑都被投射到亚当和夏娃的“地上生活”和他们与撒旦势力之间的敌对关系中。叙事通过对“失乐园”事件的重新构建为困苦的农耕生活提供了解释，以神对人的宽赦、关于终末复活的应许构建起以“回归乐园”为核心的宗教期盼，以一幅相对乐观的世界图景力巩固读者的信仰身份。

关键词：亚当与夏娃生平、乐园、下层农民、社会生活处境、社会功能

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0002

The Thought World and the Social Life Setting of Greek Life of Adam and Eve

Chengxin LI  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1487-7905

Hunan University of Science and Technology

Abstract: The extra-canonical Greek Life of Adam and Eve (GLAE) was the popular narrative text spread among early Christians, and had significant influences to later Christian religious literature. This paper investigates the GLAE’s text and thought world in the theoretical perspectives of intertextuality and theory of social reality construction, and proposes that this narrative was creatively composed according to the framework of Genesis 2–3, reflecting the harsh life experience of poor farmers in late Roman society. The painful reality of material shortages, heavy burden of labor, anxiety about lowered social status and the oppression from the landlords were projected into the narrative of Adam and Eve’s earthly life and their relationship with God and Satan. The GLAE’s new ‘Paradise Lost’ narrative in fact provides a cosmic explanation of painful agricultural life of lower families in general, and constructs a specific ‘back to Paradise’ expectation by developing the themes of forgiveness of sins and God’s promise of eschatological resurrection. The primary social function of the narrative, therefore, was to consolidate the religious identity in difficult times by drawing a relatively optimistic vision of God’s just rule.

Keywords: Life of Adam and Eve, lower farmers, Paradise, social function, social life setting

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0002

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创造与救赎：诺斯替派与爱任纽对《创世记》2:7阐释的对比研究

徐俊 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6762-1530

河南师范大学外国语学院

摘要：《创世记》1–3章在基督教神学阐释中有重要位置。本文列举诺斯替主义者奥菲特、华伦提努和早期基督教神学家爱任纽对《创世记》2:7的解释，由此了解他们神学体系的不同。诺斯替主义者认为，《创世记》2:7中的造物主不是最高神，他并非全知全能；人的灵魂能得救，肉体不能得救。爱任纽认为，《创世记》2:7中的造物主是上帝，他是全知全能全善的，他按照自己的形象造人，赐予人自由意志；基督道成肉身、重演人性，以此来拯救人类。人的灵魂和肉体在圣灵的帮助下得救。爱任纽对《创世记》2:7的解释，一方面是为了反驳诺斯替主义者的观点，另一方面，他也构建了独特的神学体系，他的重演模式肯定了耶稣道成肉身的必要性，并强化《旧约》和《新约》之间的联系，使《创世记》成为预显耶稣救赎的证据。

关键字：《创世记》2:7、爱任纽、诺斯替、重演、神学诠释

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0003

Creation and Redemption: A Comparative Study of Gnostic and Irenaes Interpretation of Genesis 2:7

Jun XU  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6762-1530

College of Foreign Languages, Henan Normal University

Abstract: Genesis 1–3 holds an important position in the interpretation of Christian theology. This research laid out the interpretations of Genesis 2:7 by Ophite and Valentinus, who are Gnostics, as well as by Irenaeus, an early Christian theologian, to explain the differences in their theological systems. The Gnostics believed that the Creator in Genesis 2:7 is not the Supreme god and that he is not omniscient and omnipotent; the human soul can be saved, but the body can never be. By contrast, Irenaeus held that the Creator in Genesis 2:7 is God and that He is omniscient, omnipotent, and benevolent; He created humans in alignment with his own image while giving them free will. Christ then became the Incarnate in the flesh and recapitulated human nature to save mankind, allowing humans’ souls and bodies to be saved with the help of the Holy Spirit. In a way, not only were Irenaeus’ explanations of Genesis 2:7 aimed to refute the Gnostics’ view but they also served as building blocks for a unique theological system. His recapitulation mode affirmed the necessity of Jesus’ Incarnation, while also strengthening the tie between Old Testament and New Testament, making Genesis the evidence of Jesus’ redemption.

Keywords： Genesis 2:7, Gnosticism, Irenaeus, Recapitulation, Theological interpretations

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0003

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《以西结书》枯骨谷异象的隐藏文本

卢家辉 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5277-346X

中国神学研究院

摘要：本文试运用斯科特（James C. Scott）的“隐藏文本理论”，探究《以西结书》枯骨谷异象可能存在的“隐藏文本”。《以西结书》作者似刻意运用含糊多义的用词，颠覆古近东文化中受咒不能逆转的观念，更颠覆性地运用巴比伦帝国神话典故去批判其帝国意识形态。因此，枯骨谷异象除了为被掳子民提供盼望和新想象，更可能是个抵抗巴比伦帝国意识形态、否定其维稳帝国神学的“隐藏文本”。本文的发现让我们看见斯特林（Casey A. Strine）运用“隐藏文本理论”解读《以西结书》的合法性。而有关《马所拉文本》的חַיִל和《七十士译本》的συναγωγή哪个更接近原稿（Vorlage）的讨论中，“隐藏文本理论”似更能提供合理的解说。

关键词：结37:1–10、隐藏文本、枯骨谷异象、חַיִל、συναγωγή、斯特林

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0004

“Hidden Transcript” of the Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones in Ezekiel

Ka Fai LO  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5277-346X

China Graduate School of Theology

Abstract: This article attempts to appropriate James C. Scott’s “hidden transcript theory” to explore the possible “hidden transcript” of the vision of the Valley of Dry Bones in Ezekiel. The author of Ezekiel seems to deliberately made use of ambiguous vocabularies, subverted the concept of irreversible curses in the ancient Near Eastern culture and the myth of the Babylonian Empire so as to criticize its imperial ideology. Therefore, the vision of the Valley of Dry Bones not only provides hope and new imagination for the people in exile, but also a “hidden transcript” that resists the ideology of the Babylonian Empire and denies its imperial theology of status quo. The discovery of this article allows us to see the legitimacy of Casey A. Strine’s appropriation of the “hidden transcript theory” to read Ezekiel. In the discussion about whether חַיִל in the Masoretic Text or συναγωγή in the Septuagint is closer to the original manuscript (Vorlage), the “hidden transcript theory” seems to be able to provide a more reasonable explanation.

Keywords: Ezekiel 37:1–10, hidden transcript, vision of the Valley of Dry Bones, חַיִל, συναγωγή, Casey A. Strine

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0004

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The Subversion of שָׁלַח–Divorce in the Hebrew Bible

Menghun GOH https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4146-6362

Taiwan Graduate School of Theology

Abstract: This essay examines how  שָׂנֵא(“to hate”),  עָזַב(“to abandon”), גָּרַשׁ  (“to cast out”), and שָׁלַח (“to send away”) are employed in the Hebrew Bible to denote and connote “divorce.” While the patriarchal values and practices are hard to miss, this essay finds the usages of שָׁלַח outside of Pentateuch, in particular in Isaiah 50, Jeremiah 3 and Malachi 2, subversive with respect to the typically negative representation of women. The metaphoric feature and signification of שָׁלַח should not be overlooked and reduced. As such this essay urges caution in citing the “divorce” imagery in the Hebrew Bible as the support and rationale for one’s agenda.

Keywords: Ancient Near East, metaphor, divorce, marriage, law

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0005

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“生死与超越：“永生”的多维分析及其在约翰福音中的神学意涵

江耀国 https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7567-645X

中原大学宗教研究所

摘要：本文探讨约翰福音中“永生”(ζωή αἰώνιος)的概念及其神学意涵。透过回顾学界对“永生”内涵的四种主要看法：(一)恒常的生命、(二)真实、崭新、属灵的生命、(三)将来时代的生命、(四)复活的生命，本文指出其中以“复活生命说”最为明确清晰。进一步探讨永生是今世抑或未来之事，作者归纳绝大多数学者支持“今世论”，认为永生是信徒在今生即可获得，同时也具有未来面向，呈现“永生的二阶段论”。最后，本文分析如何获得永生的问题，指出在约翰福音中，“信”是唯一、必要也足够的条件。然而这个“信”并非一般、表面的相信，乃是委身于基督，与基督合而为一的信。总之，本文透过对永生的多维度分析，阐明了约翰福音的核心信息:“信耶稣得永生”的丰富内涵及重要神学意义。

关键词：约翰福音、永生、复活、今世论、信

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0006

Life, Death, and Beyond: Multidimensional Analysis of ζωὴ αἰώνιος and Its Theological Implications in the Fourth Gospel

Yao-kuo Eric CHIANG https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7567-645X

Chung Yuan Christian University

Abstract: This paper explores the concept of “eternal life” (ζωή αἰώνιος) in the Gospel of John and its theological implications. By reviewing four main interpretations of the meaning of “eternal life” in scholarly discourse – (1) everlasting life, (2) true, new, and spiritual life, (3) eschatological life of the future age, and (4) resurrected life – the paper highlights the clarity and prominence of the “resurrected life” perspective. Furthermore, it examines whether eternal life is a present reality or a future hope. The majority of scholars support the “present age view,” asserting that believers can obtain eternal life in the present while also acknowledging its future dimension, thus presenting a “two-stage view” of eternal life. Finally, the paper addresses the question of how to attain eternal life, emphasizing that in the Gospel of John, “faith” is the sole necessary and sufficient condition. However, this faith is not a superficial belief but a wholehearted commitment to and union with Christ. In summary, through a multidimensional analysis of eternal life, this paper elucidates the rich meaning and significant theological implications of the core message of the Gospel of John: “believing in Jesus to obtain eternal life.”

Keywords: Gospel of John, eternal life, resurrection, present age, faith

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0006

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道”入《圣经》（一）：重探新教中文《圣经》“道”译Logos的历史起点

周歌珊 https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8895-4249

上海大学宗教与社会研究中心

摘要：本文为“道”译Logos早期接受史研究的一部分；该研究意在展现“道”译Logos形成的历史处境，以弥补过往探讨对义理的偏重。传统上认为，“道”译Logos 最早出现于新教二代译本。由此出发，本文将考察范围扩展至1836年前的早期伦敦会传教士出版物；经初步梳理后指出，“道”译Logos最晚在1830年代初已见于一般宣教作品，如马礼逊的《古圣奉神天启示道家训》（1832）、及麦都思的《福音调和》（1834）均有运用。故而，本文修正了“道”译Logos的历史起点，且为深入的处境讨论提供了更明确的落脚点及素材。

关键字：道-Logos、二代译本、马礼逊、麦都思、《福音调和》、《古圣奉神天启示道家训》

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0007

Taou, its paths into the Bible (I): Revisiting the Inception of the Taou-Logos Translation in Protestant Chinese Bible

Elsie Ge-Shan ZHOU    https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8895-4249

Center for the Study of Religion and Society, Shanghai University

Abstract: This article contributes to an extensive research initiative aimed at investigating the early reception history of the Taou-Logos rendering within the prologue of the Johannine Gospel, a seminal part of Chinese Bible translation history. The study endeavors to explore the historical context of this translation choice, an aspect hitherto overshadowed by the predominance of comparative conceptual analysis in scholarly discourse. While initially aligning with the prevailing view that posits the Taou-Logos translation’s formal inception within the second-generation Chinese Bible of 1836, the present inquiry extends its scope to include general missionary publications from the London Missionary Society that predate this edition. It uncovers earlier instances of the Taou-Logos translation in Robert Morrison’s Domestic Instructor (1832) and Walter H. Medhurst’s the Harmony of the Gospels (1834), thereby challenging the accepted timeline and offering specific nodes that may facilitate a more profound contextual examination.

Keywords: Taou-Logos, the Second-Generation of Protestant Chinese Bible, Robert Morrison, Walter Henry Medhurst, the Harmony of the Gospels, Domestic Instructor

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0007

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叙利亚教父塞鲁格的雅各人论探究

段文郡熠 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5821-7215

中央民族大学

摘要：塞鲁格的雅各是一位重要的叙利亚教父。本文以其第71篇韵文讲道《创世六日》以及第72篇韵文讲道《论亚当的受造与死者的复活》等讲道为出发点，对其人论进行了概述。首先，雅各将上帝所造的世界称作是美的世界，而人则是至美的受造物。其次，雅各认为人是上帝的肖像——人在受造方式上有别于其他受造物，是上帝照着其肖像与模样造的——“对于父，亚当得以是肖像，对于子，亚当得以是模样”。在他看来，人的理智肖似于上帝本身，而人的灵魂则类似于上帝的大能，人的身体类似于由四种元素和六个方向构成的物质世界。因此人是一个“小世界”，反映了上帝及其所造的“大世界”。这一美丽的受造物，这一“小世界”却因为魔鬼的诱惑与人的自由意志而走向解体，但雅各指出，通过上帝的拯救，这人将在复活之时通过“第二次创造”重获美丽，披戴光明。

關鍵詞：东方教父、人论、塞鲁格的雅各、叙利亚教会

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0008

Study on the Anthropology of Syriac Church Father Mar Jacob of Sarug

Wenjunyi DUAN  https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5821-7215

 Minzu University of China

Abstract: Mar Jacob of Sarug is an important Syriac church father. This article takes the homily 71 “The Six Days of Creation” and the homily 72 “On the Creation of Adam and the Resurrection of the Dead” and other Mar Jacob’s homilies as the starting point to conduct a discussion on his anthropology. Firstly, Mar Jacob calls the world created by God a beautiful world, and humankind is the most beautiful creature. Secondly, Mar Jacob believed that humankind is the image of God—humankind is different from other creatures in the way of creation, and was created by God according to his image and likeness, “to the Father, Adam will be the image; to the Son, Adam will be the likeness”. In his view, the nous or intellect of humankind is similar to God himself, while human soul is similar to the power of God, and human body to the material world which consists of four elements and six directions. Therefore, humankind is a “small world” that reflects God and the “great world” which He created. This very beautiful creature, this “small world” is disintegrating due to the temptation of the Satan and man's free will, but Mar Jacob points out that through God's salvation, humankind will regain beauty and clothe on light, through the “second creation” on the resurrection.

Keywords: Anthropology; Jacob of Sarug; Oriental Church Father; Syriac Church

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0008

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基督圣徒及其悖论性

唐洪林 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5112-7268

广东协和神学院

摘要：本研究从基督教圣经神学的角度出发，探讨了基督圣徒的概念及其内在的悖论性。文章首先明确界定圣洁作为上帝独有的属性，它与世俗对立，凸显了上帝的不可接近性和超越性。在此基础上，指出圣徒的身份首先是基于对上帝的归属，而非依赖个人的道德完善。随后，文章分析了圣徒身份的悖论性：尽管圣徒的圣洁源自上帝的恩典，他们仍被要求去追求圣洁。最后，文章进一步探讨了圣徒悖论性在当代的诠释。作者强调圣徒是进入神国的人，应以神国为中心而活。此外，圣徒作为上帝子民的身份，决定与塑造了他们的行为伦理，其圣徒品质因而不是个人努力的结果，而是上帝恩典的体现，是在追求神国中而彰显出来的品质。藉此，本文有效地解释了圣徒悖论性的问题，为信徒的生活实践提供了重要的理论指导。

关键词：圣洁、圣徒、悖论、神国、身份伦理

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0009

Christian Saints and Their Paradoxical Nature

Paul Honglin TANG https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5112-7268

Guangdong Union Theological Seminary

Abstract: This study delves into the concept of Christian sainthood and discusses its inherent paradoxical nature from the perspective of Christian biblical theology. The article begins by clearly defining holiness as a unique attribute of God that stands in opposition to the profane and highlights God's unapproachableness and transcendence. Consequently, the author argues that the identity of sainthood is fundamentally based on belonging to God, rather than relying on personal moral perfection. It then analyses in depth the paradoxical nature of sainthood: despite the fact that saints derive their holiness from God's grace, they are still called to pursue holiness. Finally, the article further explores the contemporary interpretation of the paradoxical nature of sainthood. The author emphasizes that the saints are those who have entered the kingdom of God and should seek first and foremost God’s kingdom and God’s righteousness. In addition, the identity of saints as God's people determines and shapes their ethical behavior, and their qualities as saints are thus not the result of personal efforts, but rather the embodiment of God's grace, qualities that are manifested in the pursuit of the Kingdom of God. Therefore, this article effectively explains the saint's paradoxical nature and provides important theoretical guidance for the practical life of believers.

Keywords: Holiness, Saints, Paradox, Kingdom of God, Identity Ethics

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0009

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天道人生：论耶稣与孔子的人生观的相通性

汤士文 https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5415-598X

浙江神学院

摘要：耶稣与孔子作为人类伟大的导师都共同关注天道与人生，在人生观方面有许多相通性和相似性。他们都教导人要敬天爱人，主张天人合一，孝敬父母、推己及人，以和为贵，最终实现天下一家、世界大同。耶稣与孔子的教导并不矛盾，而是相得益彰，相辅相成。中国固有的儒家文化的天道观和人生观是与基督教最接近的思想之一。如果中国儒家文化接受基督福音，无疑地，将如梵蒂冈第二届大公会议中所说，其结果将使基督教会和中华文化的内容更加丰富，更加灿烂。

关键词：耶稣、孔子、人生观、比较伦理学、相通性

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0010

Heaven’s Way and Life: On the Commonalities between Jesus and Confucius's Outlook on Life

Shiwen TANG  https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5415-598X

Zhejiang Theological Seminary

Abstract: As great teachers, both Jesus and Confucius are concerned about Heaven’s Way and life. There are many commonalities and similarities between Jesus and Confucius’s outlook on life. They all teach people how to fear (respect) Heaven and love people, advocate the unity (harmony) of Heaven and human revere one’s father and mother, love other people as oneself, seek peace, and finally make this world become one family and one harmonious world. The teachings of Jesus and Confucius are not contradictory, but they complement each other. The Chinese inherent Confucian culture of Heaven’s Way and philosophy of life is one of the ideas closest (most closely related) to Christianity. If Chinese Confucian culture accepts the Gospel of Christ, it will undoubtedly be as stated in the Vatican II Council said, that and the result will make the content of Christian churches and Chinese culture more abundant and brighter (brilliant).

Keywords: Jesus, Confucius, outlook on life, comparative ethics, and commonalities

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0010

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旅途中的教会：圣经、神学与历史透视

李雋 https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6578-8037

澳洲华人教牧神学院

摘要：自梵帝岗第二次大会开始，“旅途中的教会”这概念再次受到重视。本文从圣经、神学与历史角度，剖析“旅途中的教会”的圣经基础，神学取向，以及在历史中的应用。虽然“旅途中的教会”与其他教会模型的分别，但其圣经的基础并不足以将这概念界定成稳定的概念，在历史中的应用也显示有不同的诠释取向，所以，这一理念作为教会的理解仍然有其不足之处。

关键词：旅途中的教会、朝圣、教会模型

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0011

The Pilgrim Church: Biblical, Theological and Historical Perspectives

Chun LI  https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6578-8037

 Chinese Theological College Australia

Abstract: The concept of “the Pilgrim Church” has regained prominence since the Second Vatican Council. This paper analyzes the biblical foundations, theological orientations, and historical applications of “the Pilgrim Church”. While “the Pilgrim Church” differs from other church models, its biblical basis is not sufficient to define it as a stable concept. The historical application of this idea also reveals diverse interpretative approaches, suggesting that this notion as an understanding of the church still has its limitations.

Keywords: Pilgrim, Pilgrim Church, Church models

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0011

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议程设置视角下的十字军东征缘起：以教皇乌尔班二世的演说辞为中心

张诗尧 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-3506

中共汉川市委党校

摘要：十字军东征是西欧中世纪重要历史事件之一，这场自1096年开始的以宗教为名的战争对西欧和近东社会产生了深远影响。众所周知，促成十字军东征的一个重要原因即为1095年11月27日在法国克莱芒宗教会议上教皇乌尔班二世发表的演讲，而这次演讲所取得的效果有很大一部分要归功于演说辞达到的议程设置效果。本文将从议程设置的视角下重新审视乌尔班二世这篇演说辞，并综合其他因素对十字军东征的缘起进行探讨。

关键词：十字军东征、乌尔班二世、议程设置、民众心理

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0012

On the Origin of the Crusade Army from the Perspective of Agenda-setting Theory：A Case Study of UrbanⅡ’s Sermon

Shiyao ZHANG  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-3506

 Party School of the Hanchuan Committee of C. P. C

Abstract: The Crusade was one of the important historical events in the Middle Ages of Western Europe. The war in the name of religion since 1096 had a profound impact on Western Europe and the Near East. It is well known that an important reason for the Crusade was the speech delivered by Pope UrbanⅡon 27 November 1095 at the Council of Clermont in France, which was largely due to the application of the agenda-setting theory in the speech. This paper will re-examine the speech of UrbanⅡfrom the perspective of agenda setting, and discuss the origin of the crusade by integrating other factors.

Keywords: agenda-setting theory, public psychology, the Crusade, Urban Ⅱ

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0012

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当代基督教合一运动“利马文件”初探

孟祥交 https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6563-3903

中央民族大学哲学与宗教学学院

摘要：“利马文件”是当代世界基督教合一运动中的标志性文献。本文梳理了形成“利马文件”的历史过程。同时，本文简要介绍了“利马文件”的文本思想，来呈现了“利马文件”对洗礼、圣餐及圣职的合一阐释。回顾历史，“利马文件”引发了世界基督教团体对它的广泛回应与研究，并对当代基督教的教会论研究、礼仪崇拜及宗派对话产生了深远的影响。从宗教对话的角度来看，“利马文件”是当代世界基督教团体籍着对话来有效的发展神学思想以推动教会合一的结果。放在中国语境中思考，“发展”的观点也是在中国文化的整全体系中中国文化传统与基督教文化传统之间对话的关键思想。

关键词：利马文件、基督教礼仪、合一运动、跨宗派对话、神学发展

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0013

A Study of the Lima Document in the Christian Unity

Xiangjiao MENG  https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6563-3903

School of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Minzu University of China

Abstract: The Lima document is a landmark document in the Christian Unity. This article sorts out the history of the production of the Lima document. Meanwhile, this article briefly introduces the theology of the Lima document to present the Lima document's interpretation of the unity of baptism, eucharist and ministry. The Lima document has provoked a wide range of responses from the world Christian community and deeply influenced ecclesiological studies, liturgical worship and dialogue among the denominations. From the perspective of religious dialogue, the Lima document is the result of the effective development of theological thought through the dialogue of the world Christian community to promote the unity of churches. Rethinking this in the Chinese context, the idea of development is also the essential thought in the dialogue between Chinese culture tradition and Christian culture tradition in the whole system of Chinese culture.

Keywords: Christian Liturgy, Christian Unity, Interdenominational Dialogue, Lima Document, Theological Development

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0013

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对基督教周刊《天风》编辑人员的考证和考察（1945–1949）

李文力 htps://orcid.org/0009-0007-1376-2572

安徽大学历史学院

摘要：创刊于1945年的《天风》在中国基督教报刊发展史上具有特殊且重要的地位，是研究1945年至今中国基督教史必不可少的重要参考资料。由于该刊自身原因，早期编辑人员具体何人、任期何时成为模糊不清的问题。本文搜集挖掘相关文史资料，从考证梳理《天风》编辑人员入手，在此基础上考察该刊草创初期从相对简陋到日益成熟完备的过程。

关键词：《天风》、编辑人员、吴耀宗

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0014

An Investigation on the Editorial Staff of Christian Weekly Tien Feng (1945–1949)

Wenli LI  https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1376-2572

School of History, Anhui University

Abstract: Tien Feng, which was founded in 1945, has a special and important position in the history of Chinese Christian press. It is an indispensable reference for the study of Chinese Christian history from 1945 to the present. Because of the journal's own reasons, it is unclear who the early editors were and when their tenure was. In this research, starting from verifying and sorting out the editorial staff of Tien Feng, relevant historical documents are collected. On the basis of this, the process of the journal from relatively simple in the early days to increasingly mature and complete is investigated.

Keywords: Editorial Staff, Tien Feng, Wu Yao-tsung

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0014

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教会医院与近代江西地方社会——以南昌医院为个案的考察（1897–1937）

摘要：教会医院是近代基督教为推动医学传教所设立的重要医疗机构。近代以来，基督教新教美以美会在华创办了多所教会医院，对近代中国区域社会产生了多方面影响。南昌医院是近代美以美会在江西创办的一所代表性的教会医院。南昌医院创建时间可追溯到1897年，经过大约40年的发展，到1937年全面抗战爆发前已经成为江西省内颇具规模的综合性教会医院。从发展历程和地方社会关系来看，南昌医院和其它教会医院既有共通之处，又有自身特别之处。在教会医院本土化的趋势下，南昌医院也顺应时势，逐渐本土化。该院与地方社会的互动，客观上促进了江西地方社会变迁，对近代江西的医疗卫生、风俗习惯、慈善救济和对外关系产生了深远影响。

关键词：南昌医院、基督教、近代江西、社会变迁

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0015

Nanchang General Hospital and Social Changes in Modern Jiangxi (1897–1937)

Huiping FENG  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2505-3822

 College of History and Culture, Hunan Normal University

Abstract: Mission hospitals are important medical institutions established by modern Christianity to promote medical missionary work. Since modern times, The Methodist Episcopal Mission has established multiple mission hospitals in China, which have had various impacts on the regional society of modern China. Nanchang Hospital is an important medical institution founded by American Methodist Episcopal Mission in Jiangxi. It’s earliest founding time can be traced back to 1897. After about 40 years of development, the hospital has become a large-scale comprehensive mission hospital in Jiangxi Province before the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. From the perspective of development history and local social relations, Nanchang Hospital and other mission hospitals have both similarities and their own unique features. Under the trend of localizing mission hospitals, Nanchang Hospital has also followed the trend and gradually localized. The interaction between the hospital and local society objectively promoted the changes in local society in Jiangxi, and had a profound impact on the medical and health care, customs, charitable relief, and foreign relations of modern Jiangxi.

Keywords: Christianity, Nanchang Hospital, Modern Jiangxi, Social change

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0015

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清末民初来川传教士著述中的成都城市形象

唐冬梅 https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7796-4959

刘虹余 https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4426-3943

成都大学外国语学院

摘要：清末民初，西方国家各差会进入中国西南地区开展传教活动。在川传教的英、美、加等英语国家传教士在传教活动中对四川地区的各个方面进行观察和书写，形成了丰富的文字著述。成都是西南地区传教士活动的中心，因此该时期的传教士著述中有大量关于成都城市形象的描写。本文以清末民初来川传教士的著述为研究材料，对传教士著述中勾勒的成都形象进行提取、整理与分析，指出传教士著述对成都的城市规模、地理位置、商业活动、城市管理、政治与教育状况等均有描述。从描写内容、所使用的词汇上看，传教士对成都城市形象的描写是积极的、正面的，在他们的描述中，成都位置优越、人口稠密、商贸发达，城市管理有序且政治、教育资源丰富，是一个“完美的省会城市”。

关键词：清末民初、传教士著述、成都形象

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0016

Missionary Writings on City Image of Chengdu in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republican Days

Dongmei TANG  https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7796-4959

Hongyu LIU  https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4426-3943

 College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Chengdu University

Abstract: In the second half of 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, missionaries from English-speaking world went into Sichuan area with missionary purpose. During their stay in Sichuan, they carefully observed Sichuan society and put their observations and thinking into writings. Chengdu was the center of their missionary work and thus had been richly depicted in these writings. This article sorts out missionaries’ writings on the city image of Chengdu during this period of time and by examining vocabularies and themes in these writings, points out that missionaries’ depiction composed a positive city image of Chengdu, therefore sets the image construction of Chengdu city apart from the negativity shown in most missionary writings on China and Chinese people during that period of time.

Keywords: Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republican Days, Missionary Writings, Chengdu City Image

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0016

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《为甚么我在包容基督徒？：十九世纪中叶儒者的宗教宽容》书评

蔡沂蓁 https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2005-3897

中原大学基督教与华人文化社会研究中心

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0017

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论中国哲学精神以及中国哲学发展脉络：读冯友兰的《中国哲学简史》

张容德 https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3836-8870

上海大学文学院历史系

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0018

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开启哲学研究之门：读《西方哲学简史》

田野 https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2313-7749

上海大学文学院历史系

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0019

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中国哲学研究之导引——读冯友兰《中国哲学简史》

顾彦申 https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5643-4294

上海大学文学院历史系

DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.29635/JRCC.202406_(22).0020

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