Religions Special Issue: Expressions of Chinese Christianity in Texts and Contexts: In Memory of Our Mentor Professor R. G. Tiedemann (1941–2019)

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https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special_issues/7JS02897W0

Special Issue Editors

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of History, SOAS University of London, London WC1H 0XG, UK
Interests: popular religion in late imperial China; medicine, drugs and healing; Manchu culture in the Qing empire

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Global Asia Institute, Pace University, New York, NY 10038, USA
Interests: Chinese church history; church and state; Sino-American relations; East Asian cinema

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue has been edited in memory of our doctoral supervisor, Professor R. G. Tiedemann (1941-2019), 永念恩師狄德滿教授(1941-2019).

Chinese Christianity, or Chinese Christianities, being perceived both as a cultural phenomenon and as a field of research, has gained much attention in recent decades.

The “phenomenon” of the rapid growth of Chinese churches, with multiple expressions of faith and practices, has been investigated by historians, anthropologists, sociologists and religious scholars and continues to attract ample attention.

Equally important is the scholarly debate about the historical transformation of Chinese Christianity, or Chinese Christianities, as a field of study in the historiography of modern China. Some of the following analytical contours and approaches of this field have emerged:

  1. Attention to the spatial and temporal diversities of Christian missionary presence and indigenous church movements from a historical perspective in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
  2. Investigation into the transnational, national and local connectivities of Christian communities and its evangelistic agents/transmitters/recipients (whether individual, organizational, material, cosmological, artistic, linguistic or multipolar networks).
  3. Research on the encounters and correlations between expressions of Christianity and Chinese social, economic, cultural and historical forces, as well as between Christianity and other existing Chinese religious and spiritual traditions.
  4. Reflection on the empirical and analytical tools, such as access to new and old archival sources, the re-conceptualization of Christian terminologies, doctrinal concepts, lived religious experiences and the reassessment of perceived turning points in specific time and space.

This Special Issue showcases the latest historical and social–scientific scholarship on the continuities and changes in Chinese Christian movements and the new emerging research directions.

We strive to move beyond the longstanding state-centered paradigm that defines a Chinese indigenous church against Euro-American Christianity and the oversimplification of “Chinese Christianity” as a singular entity, overlooking intra-/inter-church exchanges across doctrinal and liturgical boundaries and the living reality of trans-local church ties.

We seek to demonstrate that the multiple Chinese expressions of Christianity took root in resistance to Western missionary efforts to win the hearts and minds of the people since the Ming–Qing eras and to decades of sociopolitical upheavals that greatly impacted Chinese churches and believers since the early 20th century.

Methodologically, we explore ways in which the analytical term of Chinese Christianity or Chinese Christianities reveals changing interpretations and approaches in studying China’s rich and diverse Christian landscape across time and space. This Special Issue places the reciprocal process of Chinese–Christian interactions at the center of discussion, revealing the overlap of circulatory local and global church networks.

  • Circulating Resources: Exploring the expressions of Christianity in diverse Chinese historical/political/cultural contexts.
  • Circulating Knowledge: Mapping the interconnectivity of Christian faith experiences between China and the world via the exchange of religious prints, arts/songs, scientific and theological knowledge, etc.
  • Circulating Networks: Studying the trends of Chinese Christian migrations.

Dr. Lars Laamann
Prof. Dr. Joseph Tse-Hei Lee
Guest Editors

 

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Keywords

  • anti-Christian movement
  • Bible translation
  • boxer movement
  • Cantonese
  • Catholicism
  • Christian literature
  • children’s literature
  • hymns
  • indigenization
  • lutheranism
  • mission schools
  • missionary medicine
  • music
  • protestantism

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2258 KiB   
Article

A Caged Bird in a Communist Pavilion: Chao Tzu-chen and the Remolding of Yenching University’s School of Religion, 1949–1951

by Peter Kwok-Fai Law
Religions 202415(8), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15080898 - 25 Jul 2024

Viewed by 781

Abstract 

This article examines church–state relations in the early period of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) by scrutinising the thoughts and the administration of Chao Tzu-chen—a prominent Chinese Christian leader—at Yenching University’s School of Religion and its successor organisation. This article largely relies [...] Read more.

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10 pages, 334 KiB   
Article

Contingent Companion with the Cantonese: Uncovering a Hidden History of Written Cantonese Christian Literature in the Late Nineteenth Century

by Christina Wai-Yin Wong
Religions 202415(7), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15070758 - 22 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1083

Abstract 

This paper aims to uncover a hidden history of Cantonese Christian literature. Written Cantonese has been present since the late Ming dynasty in parallel to the emergence of a distinct Cantonese identity. Western missionaries, for the sake of evangelism, facilitated the development of [...] Read more.
18 pages, 13606 KiB   
Article

Linguistic Contributions of Protestant Missionaries in South China: An Overview of Cantonese Religious and Pedagogical Publications (1828–1939)

by Shin Kataoka andYin Ping Lee
Religions 202415(6), 751; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15060751 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 981

Abstract 

Robert Morrison 馬禮遜, the first Protestant missionary to China, came to Guangdong as an employee of the East India Company and with the support of the London Missionary Society in 1807. Amongst his path-breaking translation work, he published the first Chinese Bible ( [...] Read more.

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12 pages, 325 KiB   
Article

Neither Eastern nor Western: Jia Yuming’s Support of Independent Churches in the Anti-Christian Movement

by Junhui Qin
Religions 202415(6), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15060743 - 19 Jun 2024

Viewed by 667

Abstract 

The Chinese Christian church was accused of colluding with Western imperialism, and this led to the anti-Christian movement. The Chinese church responded by accelerating a movement of church independence. Discussions of this movement have often been incorporated into a discourse of aggression and [...] Read more.
14 pages, 345 KiB   
Article

From Singing “Out-of-Tone” to Creating Contextualized Cantonese Contemporary Worship Songs: Hong Kong in the Decentralization of Chinese Christianity

by Shin Fung Hung
Religions 202415(6), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15060648 - 24 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1213

Abstract 

For over a century, Hong Kong Christians have sung Chinese hymns in an “out-of-tone” manner. Lyrics in traditional hymnals were translated or written to be sung in Mandarin, the national language, but most locals speak Cantonese, another Sinitic and tonal language. Singing goes [...] Read more.
12 pages, 290 KiB   
Article

Accommodation and Compromise in the Contact Zone: Christianity and Chinese Culture in Modern Hong Kong Literature

by Yi Yang
Religions 202415(5), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050629 - 20 May 2024

Viewed by 1571

Abstract 

Situated in the unique historical context of Hong Kong—a contact zone between East and West—this study explores how Christianity’s introduction through British colonialism and missionary efforts has intertwined with and influenced Chinese cultural traditions. By examining selected works of Xu Dishan and Chen [...] Read more.
15 pages, 7001 KiB   
Article

Competing Loyalties in a Contested Space: The Lutheran Middle School in Hunan Province, 1907–1914

by Silje Dragsund Aase
Religions 202415(5), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050589 - 11 May 2024

Viewed by 1009

Abstract 

This study explores the complexities of mission-state and church-state relations from a micro-level perspective, asking how the missionaries, teachers, and pupils at the Lutheran Middle School in Hunan Province negotiated conflicting claims on church membership and national citizenship. However, Hunan is not a [...] Read more.

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10 pages, 309 KiB   
Article

An Encounter between Christian Medical Missions and Chinese Medicine in Modern History: The Case of Benjamin Hobson

by Man Kong Wong
Religions 202415(5), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050583 - 8 May 2024

Viewed by 1364

Abstract 

This article discusses how and why Christian medical missionaries established their foothold in Chinese society through the medical career of Benjamin Hobson, who was active in China from the late 1830s to the 1850s. Apart from his evangelical work among the Chinese, one [...] Read more.
13 pages, 210 KiB   
Article

Contextualizing Transnational Chinese Christianity: A Relational Approach

by Nanlai Cao andLijun Lin
Religions 202415(4), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15040510 - 20 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1145

Abstract 

In recent years, the number of Chinese Christian organizations in Europe has grown considerably compared to other overseas Chinese community organizations. They can mobilize transnational networks and resources to expand religious space in host societies and form a highly visible social force. Although [...] Read more.
15 pages, 390 KiB   
Article

Inculturation at Home: The Belgian Catholic Project for Chinese Students (1920–1930s)

by Zhiyuan Pan
Religions 202415(3), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15030327 - 8 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1125

Abstract 

Initiated by Vincent Lebbe in 1920, the Belgian Catholic project for Chinese students was a harbinger of inculturation. Contrary to the impression that the Catholic Church reacted slowly to the demand of indigenisation in the early twentieth century, this article demonstrates that a [...] Read more.
12 pages, 778 KiB   
Article

Making Knowledge in the Local Settings: Vernacular Education and Cantonese Elementary Textbooks

by Sixing Chen
Religions 202415(3), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15030299 - 28 Feb 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1057

Abstract 

A growing number of Protestant missionaries engaged in vernacular education in the late nineteenth century. To meet the demands of the new era, Christian church education faced challenges not only in its curriculum design but also in the way it presented new knowledge. [...] Read more.

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