韩琦：康熙朝經線每度弧長標準的奠立 ——兼論耶穌會士安多與歐洲測量學在宮廷的傳播（2019）

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韓琦 Qi, HAN

康熙朝經線每度弧長標準的奠立 ——兼論耶穌會士安多與歐洲測量學在宮廷的傳播 "Antoine Thomas’s Meridian Arc Measurement and the Diffusion of European Surveying Knowledge at the Kangxi Court"

中國科技史雜誌 The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology, vol. 40, no. 3, 2019, 290-312.

Abstract: 

Because of the Kangxi emperor’s personal interest in science and his use of science in governing the empire, the European knowledge of surveying was again introduced into China. Based on Chinese and European sources, this paper examines the role of Antoine Thomas (1644-1709), a Belgian Jesuit missionary and imperial tutor, in cartographic surveying and hydrological measurement, especially his contribution in the measurement of the length of meridian line in one degree. This measurement laid a solid foundation for the large scale map surveying during the Kangxi reign. In order to meet the need of the surveying, Antoine Thomas also compiled Celiang gaoyuan yiqi yongfa, which supersedes the late Ming dynasty works on surveying and represents the practical orientation of mathematics at the imperial court during the Kangxi reign.

因康熙皇帝的個人好尚和國家治理之需，歐洲測量學知識再次傳入。基於中西文獻，詳細考證了康熙御用教師、耶穌會士安多在地圖製作、河道測量，特別是在康熙四十一年（1702）大地經線1度弧長的測定中作出的重要貢獻，此項工作爲之後的全國輿地測繪工作奠定了基礎。爲配合大地測量，安多還曾編纂《測量高遠儀器用法》，所述測量方法較明季同類著述多有更新，體現出康熙時代宮廷數學的實用取向。

See: https://www.academia.edu/41756011